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Numerous other Scientologist-run services and companies come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the usage of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management seeks advice from to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This area requires expansion. You can assist by including to it. In order to facilitate the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or reputable people. Scientology. Though it has attained some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in lots of nations, Scientology has actually also been referred to as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Video game people it views as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also founded guilty of fraud, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were business and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had initially demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in an internet survey run by the governmental transition team obtaining public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Flexibility Recommended Reading Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with legally as a company, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of my website The Guardian was produced with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Church of Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and dedicated one of the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by an organization not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or company was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past used aggressive techniques in attending to those it views as attempting to suppress them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been handled by browse around these guys Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent out Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was found at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.